← Back to Readings

Before the Law: Humans and Other Animals in a Biopolitical Frame

Cary Wolfe

Reading began July 2018


Before the Law flyer

Design by CRG

beast (n.)

c. 1200, beste, "one of the lower animals" (opposed to man), especially "a four-footed animal," also "a marvelous creature, a monster" (mermaids, werewolves, lamia, satyrs, the beast of the Apocalypse), "a brutish or stupid man," from Old French beste "animal, wild beast," figuratively "fool, idiot" (11c., Modern French bête), from Vulgar Latin *besta, from Latin bestia "beast, wild animal," which is of unknown origin.

The word was used in Middle English to translate Latin animal. It displaced Old English deor (see deer) as the generic word for "wild creature," only to be ousted 16c. by animal.


The Community Reading Group is a gathering committed to the study of community as a political category in popular, philosophical, and legal discourse. We focus on literature that complicates affirmative invocations of community in both grassroots and organizational contexts as the proper aim of activism. Examples: community building, resilience, preservation, displacement, health, rights, and wealth.

— Andrew McNeely


View Annotations → Link to Reading →